Influence de l’occulte sur les formes magiques : l’anti-spiritisme spectaculaire, des Spectres d’Henri Robin au Spiritisme abracadabrant de Georges Méliès
Contenu
Titre
Influence de l’occulte sur les formes magiques : l’anti-spiritisme spectaculaire, des Spectres d’Henri Robin au Spiritisme abracadabrant de Georges Méliès
Créateur
Frédéric Tabet
Pierre Taillefert
Date
2015
Description
fr
Les premières projections cinématographiques se déroulent à une époque où les phénomènes spirites défraient la chronique. Or le cinéma, contrairement à la photographie, ne s’est pas constitué comme une machine apte à communiquer avec les esprits. Car la proximité du cinéma avec l’illusionnisme a coupé court à de tels rapprochements. On a pu cependant relever qu’un même état de sidération traversait le spectateur, en face d’un spectacle de prestidigitation, de pratiques médiumniques ou des premières projections du cinématographe. Or l’art magique a clairement rejeté la pensée occulte, et ces deux positions semblent inconciliables tant qu’on ne considère pas les différentes stratégies adoptées pour discréditer le spiritisme. La première approche adoptée par les prestidigitateurs pour discréditer en scène les phénomènes spirites visait à reproduire leurs effets... sans pour autant les dévoiler. Cependant, le porte-drapeau de ce combat a été le prestidigitateur et fantasmagore français Joseph Henri Donckele (1811-1874), dit Robin, qui fera de sa scène un espace de débat. Une autre stratégie a consisté à parodier les séances spirites pour les ridiculiser, comme le firent les frères Stanley. Georges Méliès, de son côté, au cœur du réseau des prestidigitateurs et au fait des tentatives de réactions corporatives, s’appuie sur la tradition magique, mais en rénove les formes et parvient finalement à proposer une nouvelle voie, qu’il décline à la fois sur la scène de son théâtre et dans ses bandes cinématographiques à l’écran.
en
The influence of the occult on magical forms : dramatic anti-spiritualism from Henri Robin’s Spectres to Georges Méliès’s Spiritisme abracadabrant
The first film screenings take place at a time when spiritualist phenomena were in the news. But the cinema, unlike photography, was not constituted as a machine capable of communicating with spirits, since the proximity of cinema with illusionism cut short such comparisons. However, it has been noted that a same state of astonishment was shared by the spectators of magic shows, of mediumistic séances, and of the first film projections. Practitioners of stage magic clearly rejected the occult, and we therefore need to consider the different strategies that they adopted to discredit spiritualism. The first approach adopted by magicians was to discredit spiritualist phenomena by reproducing their effects... without disclosing how this was done. However, the flag bearer of this struggle was the French conjurer and phantasmagorian, Joseph Henry Donckele (1811-1874), known as Robin, who transformed the stage into a space for debate. Another strategy was to parody the séance in order to ridicule it, as did the Stanley brothers. Georges Méliès, meanwhile, who as part of the network of magicians knew about their corporatist concerns about spiritualism, based himself in the illusionist tradition, but revitalised its forms and finally managed to offer a new way that he was able to practice both on the stage of his theatre and in his films made for the screen.
The first film screenings take place at a time when spiritualist phenomena were in the news. But the cinema, unlike photography, was not constituted as a machine capable of communicating with spirits, since the proximity of cinema with illusionism cut short such comparisons. However, it has been noted that a same state of astonishment was shared by the spectators of magic shows, of mediumistic séances, and of the first film projections. Practitioners of stage magic clearly rejected the occult, and we therefore need to consider the different strategies that they adopted to discredit spiritualism. The first approach adopted by magicians was to discredit spiritualist phenomena by reproducing their effects... without disclosing how this was done. However, the flag bearer of this struggle was the French conjurer and phantasmagorian, Joseph Henry Donckele (1811-1874), known as Robin, who transformed the stage into a space for debate. Another strategy was to parody the séance in order to ridicule it, as did the Stanley brothers. Georges Méliès, meanwhile, who as part of the network of magicians knew about their corporatist concerns about spiritualism, based himself in the illusionist tradition, but revitalised its forms and finally managed to offer a new way that he was able to practice both on the stage of his theatre and in his films made for the screen.
Editeur
Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze, Revue de l’association française de recherche sur l’histoire du cinéma (AFRHC)
Est référencé par
volume
no˚ 76
numéro
2
pages
94-117
Source
Tabet, F. & Taillefert, P. (2015). Influence de l’occulte sur les formes magiques : l’anti-spiritisme spectaculaire, des Spectres d’Henri Robin au Spiritisme abracadabrant de Georges Méliès. Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze, 76(2), 94-117.
Format
text
Langue
français
Type
pdf
Droits
Mille huit cent quatre-vingt-quinze, Revue de l’association française de recherche sur l’histoire du cinéma (AFRHC)